Jump to content

Foreign relations of Jordan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Jordan/Transnational issues)

Politics of Jordan

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
Monarchy
Executive
Government
Legislature
Parliament
(18th Parliament)
Senate
House of Representatives
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Local government
Elections
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag Jordan portal

The foreign relations of Jordan have been consistently a pro-Western foreign policy.

United Kingdom and United States

[edit]
Main articles: Jordan–United Kingdom relations and Jordan–United States relations

Jordan has had close relations with the United States and the United Kingdom for many years.[1][2] During the first Gulf War (1990), these relations were damaged by Jordan's neutrality and its maintenance of relations with Iraq. Later, Jordan restored its relations with Western countries through its participation in the enforcement of UN sanctions against Iraq and in the Southwest Asia peace process. After King Hussein's death in 1999, relations between Jordan and the Persian Gulf countries greatly improved.[3]

In 2000, Jordan signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, which went into effect in 2010.[4]

In 2013, the U.S. approved the CIA–led Timber Sycamore covert operation, based in Jordan, to train and arm Syrian rebels.[5]

European Union

[edit]
See also: Germany–Jordan relations, Greece–Jordan relations, and Jordan–Portugal relations

Jordan enjoys "advanced status" with the European Union and is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy, which aims to increase links between the EU and its neighbours.[6]

Palestine and regional neighbours

[edit]
Hussein I of Jordan and Yitzhak Rabin, with Bill Clinton, after signing the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, 26 October 1994
Main article: Israel–Jordan relations
See also: Jordan–Palestine relations

Owing to its location, bordering Israel, Syria, and Iraq, Jordan has experienced wars along its borders for decades, and maintains careful diplomatic relations with Israel and its main ally, the U.S.[7]

Along with Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, as of 2009 Jordan was one of only three Arab nations to have signed peace treaties with Israel, Jordan's direct neighbour.[8]

Jordan views an independent Palestinian state with the 1967 borders, as part of the two-state solution and of supreme national interest.[9] The ruling Hashemite dynasty has had custodianship over holy sites in Jerusalem since 1924, a position reinforced in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty. Turmoil in Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque between Israelis and Palestinians created tensions between Jordan and Israel concerning the former's role in protecting the Muslim and Christian sites in Jerusalem.[10]

Jordan signed a non-aggression pact with Israel (the Washington Declaration) in Washington, D.C., on 25 July 1994. Jordan and Israel signed a historic peace treaty on October 26, 1994, witnessed by President Clinton, accompanied by Secretary of State Warren Christopher.[7][better source needed] The U.S. has participated with Jordan and Israel in trilateral development discussions during which key issues have been water-sharing and security; cooperation on Jordan Rift Valley development; infrastructure projects; and trade, finance, and banking issues.[citation needed]

Israel captured East Jerusalem and the West Bank, which was annexed by Jordan since 1950, in 1967. Since 1967, Pakistan has been demanding its vacation at the international level. Jordan, together with Pakistan, is playing an effective role in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[citation needed]

2023 Israel-Hamas War

[edit]
Further information: Israel-Hamas War

The political landscape of Jordan has changed as a consequence of the conflict between Israel and Hamas from October 2023. Prime minister Bisher al Khasawneh expressed his country's disapproval of Israel's offensive in Gaza by recalling its ambassador from Israel, and declared that Israel's ambassador, who had departed Amman following Hamas' attack, would not be permitted to return. Khasawneh argued that Israel's blockade of the heavily-populated Gaza Strip could not be justified as self-defense, and criticised the indiscriminate Israeli assault, which had included safe zones and ambulances in its targets.[11][12]

Jordanian residents (including the approximately 2 million Palestinian refugees and others with Palestinian roots) have staged protests against Israel's actions in Gaza, which adds pressure to the government to take action on the issue.[7] There is also evidence that there is more sympathy with Hamas among Jordanians in recent years.[13] However, Jordan's Western allies view the kingdom as a potentially vital mediator, should Israel and Hamas agree to negotiate. King Abdullah has been taking part in diplomatic meetings in Europe, aiming to secure safe passage of humanitarian aid; however, the government is also grappling with domestic problems such as inflation, unemployment, and trafficking of arms and drugs through Jordan to the West Bank. The king and Queen Rania have criticised Israel's action in Gaza, and called for a ceasefire. Jordan's ambassador to Israel was recalled, and the Israeli ambassador was told to stay away. Queen Rania, whose family is Palestinian with roots in the West Bank town of Nablus, called on Western leaders to denounce Israel's attacks on Palestinian civilians in an interview aired on CNN in the U.S. There are fears of a huge influx of refugees into Jordan as a result of the Israel-Hamas War.[7]

UN and other affiliations

[edit]
See also: Permanent Representative of Jordan to the United Nations

Jordan is an active member of the UN[14] and several of its specialised and related agencies, including the Food and Agriculture Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, and World Health Organization.[citation needed]

Jordan is a founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the Arab League.[15][16]

It is also a member of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement.[17]

Jordan and Morocco tried to join the Gulf Cooperation Council in 2011, but the Gulf countries offered a five-year development aid programme instead.[18]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Jordan maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 17 June 1946[19]
2  Lebanon 1 October 1946[20]
3  Turkey 11 January 1947[21][22]
4  Spain 19 April 1947[23]
5  Belgium 4 May 1947[24]
6  Iraq 24 May 1947[25]
7  Egypt 28 May 1947[26]
8  Pakistan 29 December 1947[27]
9  Greece 1947[28][29]
10  India 1947[30][31]
11  France 12 January 1948[32]
12  Afghanistan 5 February 1948[33]
13  Saudi Arabia 12 August 1948[34]
14  Syria 1948[35]
15  United States 18 February 1949[36]
16   Switzerland 26 March 1949[37]
17  Italy 14 August 1949[38]
18  Iran 16 November 1949[39]
19  Indonesia 27 February 1950[40]
20  Netherlands 15 December 1951[41]
21  Serbia 1951[42]
22  Austria 16 February 1953[43][44]
23  Germany 17 November 1953[45]
24  Japan 14 July 1954[46]
25  Argentina 23 August 1954[47]
26  Chile 28 September 1954[48]
27  Venezuela 1954[49]
28  Morocco 1956[50]
29  Sudan 1956[51]
30  Tunisia 1956[52]
31  Sweden 1957[53]
32  Denmark 18 January 1958[54]
33  Brazil 6 April 1959[55][56]
34  Finland 28 November 1959[57]
35  Ethiopia 16 May 1960[58]
36  Yemen 17 April 1961[59]
37  Libya 30 August 1961[60]
38  Nigeria 30 September 1961[61]
39  Kuwait 2 December 1961[62]
40  South Korea 26 July 1962[63]
41  Algeria December 1962[64]
42  Cyprus 1962[65]
43  Russia 21 August 1963[66]
44  Poland 20 February 1964[67]
45  Czech Republic 30 April 1964[68]
46  Hungary 16 May 1964[69]
47  Bulgaria 9 October 1964[70]
48  Canada 23 December 1964[71]
49  Romania 2 April 1965[72]
50  Sri Lanka 6 July 1965[73]
51    Nepal 20 August 1965[74]
52  Malaysia 1965[75][76]
53  Somalia 24 December 1966[77]
54  Guinea 17 May 1966[78]
55  Thailand 10 November 1966[79]
56  Norway 7 January 1969[80]
57  Senegal 12 July 1969[81]
58  Chad January 1970[82]
59  Mauritania 4 May 1970[83]
60  United Arab Emirates 8 December 1971[84]
61  Qatar 18 May 1972[85]
62  Bahrain 10 June 1972[86]
63  Oman 11 June 1972[87]
64  Uganda 27 June 1972[88]
65  Portugal 5 July 1972[89]
66  Bangladesh 15 October 1973[90][91]
67  Luxembourg 5 December 1973[92]
68  Malta 4 June 1974[93]
—  North Korea (suspended)[94] 5 July 1974[95]
69  Cambodia September 1974[96]
70  Australia 29 April 1975[97]
71  Mexico 9 July 1975[98][99]
72  Mauritius February 1976[100]
73  Philippines 1 March 1976[101]
74  China 7 April 1977[102]
75  Cuba 7 September 1979[103]
76  Ecuador 1 January 1980[104]
77  Vietnam 19 August 1980[105]
78  Maldives 25 March 1981[106]
79  Mongolia 21 May 1981[107]
80  Colombia 22 October 1982[108]
81  Djibouti 3 April 1984[109]
82  Ireland 15 May 1984[110]
83  Brunei 18 February 1985[111]
84  Peru 21 October 1985[112]
85  Uruguay 14 January 1987[113]
86  Albania 18 May 1987[114]
87  New Zealand 25 October 1987[115]
88  Mali 25 April 1988[116]
89  Singapore 28 July 1988[117]
—  State of Palestine 7 January 1989[118]
90  Guatemala 31 January 1990[104]
91  Iceland 1990[119]
92  Nicaragua 27 May 1991[120]
93  Ukraine 19 April 1992[121]
94  San Marino 13 July 1992[122]
95  Kazakhstan 9 February 1993[123]
96  Kyrgyzstan 10 February 1993[124]
97  Azerbaijan 13 February 1993[125]
98  Uzbekistan 15 February 1993[126]
99  Turkmenistan 18 February 1993[127]
100  Slovakia 3 March 1993[128]
101  Eritrea 15 July 1993[129]
102  South Africa 28 September 1993[130]
103  Slovenia 22 October 1993[131]
104  Panama 7 February 1994[104]
—  Holy See 3 March 1994[132]
105  Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 March 1994[133]
106  Georgia 6 May 1994[134]
107  Croatia 29 June 1994[135]
108  Lithuania 5 July 1994[136]
109  Latvia 12 September 1994[137]
110  Israel 27 November 1994[138]
111  Armenia 18 June 1996[139]
112  Belarus 15 October 1996[104]
113  Moldova 19 June 1997[140]
114  Guyana 19 August 1998[104]
115  Kenya 1998[141][142]
116  Malawi 23 June 1999[104]
117  Andorra 3 March 2000[143]
118  North Macedonia 15 September 2000[144]
119  Estonia 24 January 2001[145]
120  Democratic Republic of the Congo 16 September 2002[146]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 29 June 2003[147]
121  Honduras 7 September 2003[148]
122  Angola 15 July 2004[104]
123  Paraguay 15 November 2005[104]
124  Zambia 6 June 2006[149]
125  Belize 28 June 2006[104]
126  Niger 11 December 2006[150]
127  Costa Rica 10 January 2007[104]
128  El Salvador 10 January 2007[104]
129  Gambia 13 March 2007[151]
130  Ghana 5 June 2007[152]
131  Liberia 10 December 2007[153]
132  Dominican Republic 23 September 2008[104]
133  Burkina Faso 14 June 2009[154]
134  Montenegro 19 May 2010[104]
135  Fiji 15 November 2011[104]
136  Tajikistan 13 January 2012[104]
137  Mozambique 9 August 2012[155]
138  Sierra Leone 3 December 2012[156]
—  Kosovo 4 June 2013[157]
139  Benin 4 June 2014[158]
140  South Sudan 1 March 2015[159]
141  Ivory Coast 15 April 2015[160]
142  Tanzania 3 June 2015[161]
143  Rwanda 4 June 2017[162]
144  Kiribati 8 August 2017[163]
145  Antigua and Barbuda 27 September 2017[104]
146  Comoros 2 September 2018[164]
147  Saint Kitts and Nevis 9 December 2020[165]
148  Monaco 29 April 2021[166]
149  Republic of the Congo 5 December 2021[167]
150  Jamaica 23 September 2023[168]
151  Guinea-Bissau 3 March 2024[169]
152  Zimbabwe 3 March 2024[169]
153  East Timor 21 November 2024[170]

List of bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia
  • Armenia is represented by a consulate in the capital Amman.
 Azerbaijan See Azerbaijan-Jordan relations
  • On December 28, 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Baku.
 Brazil
  • Brazil has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Brasília.
 Brunei Darussalam

In May 2008, King Abdullah II visited Brunei, to bolster ties between Jordan and the southeast Asian nation, as well as discuss issues facing the Muslim world. Along with Sultan of Brunei Darussalam, Abdullah signed agreements devised to enhance cooperation in the economic, tourism and defense fields.[171]

 Chile 28 September 1954 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1954 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Jordan to Chile Mr. Issa Bandak.[48]
  • Chile has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Santiago.
 China 7 April 1977
 Cyprus
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Denmark 18 January 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1958 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Jordan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Eggert Holten[54]
  • Denmark has an honorary consulate in Amman.[174]
  • Jordan has an honorary consulate in Copenhagen[175]
 Egypt 28 May 1947 See Egypt–Jordan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1947 when Mohamed Bey Yassin, Egyptian Minister in Transjordan with residence in Baghdad presented his credentials.[26]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Cairo.
 France France is Jordan's biggest European investor[176][177][178]
 Georgia See Georgia–Jordan relations
 Germany See Germany–Jordan relations
 Greece See Greece–Jordan relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Athens.
 Holy See See Holy See–Jordan relations

The Holy See has a nunciature in Amman. Jordan has an embassy in Rome accredited to the Holy See. The Holy See has maintained comparatively good relations with Jordan. The name of the country comes from the Jordan River, which is significant to Christians because it was the place where Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. Various Christian clerics in the Arab world have a Jordanian background, such as Maroun Lahham in Tunisia and Fouad Twal in Palestine.

 India

See India–Jordan relations

The Republic of India and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed their first bilateral agreement for cooperation and friendly relations in 1947, which was formalised in 1950 when India became a sovereign democratic republic.[184] The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India stated in August 2011 that, 'India and Jordan have very warm, cordial and cooperative relations; and it is our hope that the existing mutually beneficial relationship would be further deepened and strengthened in the days ahead.'[185] Indian tourists visited Jordan in large numbers in 2010, with nearly 51,000 visitors. Apart from this, military, cultural and economic exchanges between the two nations is widespread. Quoting the Indian Foreign Ministry, 'India was the largest export partner and ninth largest import partner of Jordan in 2008. The trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$1.785 billion in 2008 i.e. Jordan's imports from India stood at about US$503 million in 2008 while its exports to India reached at US$1.283 billion in 2008. India's position in 2009 is third and fifteenth respectively as the trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$983 million in 2009 i.e. India's exports to Jordan in 2009 stood at US$297 million while imports were valued at US$686 million. In 2010, the India-Jordan trade volume stood at US$1.16 billion i.e. India's exports to Jordan stood at US$382 million in 2010 while imports were to the tune of US$783 million in 2010.'[185] Jordan is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and has thus forged close relations with India.

 Iraq 24 May 1947 See Iraq–Jordan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1947 when Jamil Pasha el Rawi, the first Iraqi Minister to Transjordan, presented his credentials.[25]

Despite periodic crises of confidence and lingering Iraqi resentment over Jordan's close ties with Saddam Hussein, the two countries have managed to forge deep ties, in fact, Jordan has taken the lead among Arab states to do so. In the face of repeated attacks and threats, Jordan has maintained a strong diplomatic presence in Baghdad. The economic impact of the Iraq crisis in Jordan has been mixed. Jordan has benefited greatly from serving as a "gateway" to Iraq for governments, aid workers, contractors, and businesspeople, the real estate and banking sectors are booming, and it stands to reap more benefits from increased trade and transport should the situation in Iraq improve. However, with the fall of Saddam Hussein, Jordan lost the sizable oil subsidies and customary shipments it received from Iraq.[186]

Unlike many of Iraq's other neighbors, Jordan can claim only modest influence over developments in Iraq. The kingdom does have notable intelligence capabilities vis-à-vis Iraq, and it reportedly helped the United States track down and kill Al-Qaeda in Iraq leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Although some Jordanians highlight cross-border tribal and family connections with Iraqi Sunni Arabs, they pale in comparison to those of the West Bank, Lebanon, and Syria. Jordan's most significant means of influence is its hosting of a large and ever-changing Iraqi expatriate community, mostly of Sunni Arab origin.

 Israel 27 November 1994 See Israel–Jordan relations

Both countries established full diplomatic relations with the ratification of the peace treaty on 27 November 1994.[187]

Jordan and Israel have had official relations since 1994, when their leaders signed a peace treaty.[188] Historically, Jordan has had relatively warm relations with Israel compared to other Arab nations. Jordan, Egypt, the UAE, Bahrain and Morocco are the only Arab nations to have signed peace treaties with Israel.

 Japan Japan is one of Jordan’s biggest donors.[189]
 Kosovo

Jordan recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 7 July 2009.[190]

Jordan supported Kosovo at the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence in December 2009.[191]

 Kuwait See Jordan–Kuwait relations

Kuwait's relations with Jordan weakened during the Gulf War because of Jordan's stand with Iraq. However, the two nations have apparently decided to bury the past. King Abdullah II and the Emir of Kuwait are working to restore good relations and further strengthen them.

 Lebanon See Jordan–Lebanon relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Beirut.
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Amman.
 Malaysia See Jordan–Malaysia relations

Jordan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[192] and Malaysia has an embassy in Amman.[193] Relations between the two countries are mainly in economic and Islamic affairs.

 Mexico See Jordan–Mexico relations
 Netherlands
  • Jordan has an embassy in The Hague.
  • the Netherlands has an embassy in Amman.
 Pakistan See Jordan–Pakistan relations

The preliminary and initial forms of Pakistan-Jordan contact can date as early as up to the 1970s and 1980s, although associations have risen at firmer altitudes since the mid-1990s up to 2000. In 2001, some prominent Pakistani leaders completed a visit to Amman, where they discussed with leaders of Jordan about pledging full-scale cooperations. In the duration of the convention, the King of Jordan had lauded what he called "deep, strong and historical relations" between the two countries and affirmed Jordan's keenness on consolidating its ties with Pakistan for the benefit of the two peoples.[196]

 Palestine See Jordan–Palestine relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Ramallah and a representative office in Gaza City.
  • Palestine has an embassy in Amman.
 Portugal See Jordan–Portugal relations
 Qatar See Jordan–Qatar relations

During the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis, Jordan downgraded diplomatic ties with Qatar.[197]

 Romania
  • Jordan has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Amman.
 Russia See Jordan–Russia relations

Russia has an embassy in Amman, while Jordan has an embassy in Moscow.

 Saudi Arabia See Jordan–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Amman.
 Spain See Jordan–Spain relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Amman.
 Syria See Jordan–Syria relations

Relations between Jordan and Syria have fluctuated widely between normal diplomatic relations and full armed confrontation. At times, each side has attempted to subvert the other, and has supported and provided refuge to the other's internal opposition groups.

 Turkey See Jordan–Turkey relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Amman.
 United Arab Emirates See Jordan–United Arab Emirates relations
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan maintains an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai. Both countries are part of the Middle East region and share close cultural ties.
  • Most notably, Princess Haya bint Al Hussein of Dubai is of Jordanian origin.
 United Kingdom See Jordan–United Kingdom relations
British Sea King of 845 NAS in the Jordanian desert during Exercise Pashtun Commando 2013

The royal family has close ties to Britain - King Abdullah's mother Princess Muna is British by birth and Queen Noor has a country house in Berkshire. Jordan has good relations with the British armed services, with regular visits and training events such as Exercise Pashtun Commando 2013.

 United States See Jordan–United States relations
See also: Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.; List of Jordanian ambassadors to the United States; and United States Ambassador to Jordan

U.S. policy seeks to reinforce Jordan's commitment to peace, stability, and moderation.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "U.S. Relations With Jordan". United States Department of State. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Jordan and the UK: Looking ahead to a prosperous next century". Jordan Times. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  3. ^ Swaidan, Ziad; Nica, Mihai (7 June 2002). "The 1991 Gulf War and Jordan's Economy". Rubin Center Research in International Affairs. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Jordan Free Trade Agreement". ustr.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  5. ^ Norton, Ben (28 June 2016). "CIA and Saudi weapons for Syrian rebels fueled black market arms trafficking, report says". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.
  6. ^ "Jordan obtains 'advanced status' with EU". The Jordan Times. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d Stein, Lucia; Armitage, Rebecca (4 November 2023). "Denouncing the Israel-Gaza war, the king and queen of Jordan are walking a delicate diplomatic tightrope". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Peace first, normalcy with Israel later: Egypt". Al Arabiya News. Washington. 17 August 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  9. ^ Azoulay, Yuval (26 May 2009). "Israel disavows MK's proposal to turn West Bank over to Jordan". Ha'aretz. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  10. ^ Strickland, Patrick (25 October 2015). "Israel and Jordan agree on Al-Aqsa Mosque surveillance". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  11. ^ Jordan open to 'all options' as Gaza conflict intensifies reuters.com Retrieved 8 November 2023
  12. ^ Over 10,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, Hamas-run health ministry says; UN calls Gaza a children’s graveyard cnbc.com Retrieved 8 November 2023
  13. ^ Jbour, Abdullah (7 November 2023). "Jordan and the Israeli War on Gaza: Shifts in Political Discourse". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  14. ^ "Jordan". The United Nations Office at Geneva. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  15. ^ "Jordan signs new charter of OIC". IINA. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  16. ^ Kayaoglu, Turan (22 May 2015). The Organization of Islamic Cooperation: Politics, Problems, and Potential. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 9781317615231. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  17. ^ Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Jordan (03/08)". 2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  18. ^ "GCC agrees five-year aid plan for Morocco and Jordan". The National. 13 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  19. ^ The Diplomatic Service List Volume 5. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. p. 141.
  20. ^ Heads of Foreign Missions in the Lebanon, 1947. Lebanon from Foreign Office files 1947-1957. 1947. p. 12. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  21. ^ "Relations between Türkiye and Jordan". Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Jordan, Turkey mark 70 years of diplomatic ties". The Jordan Times. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Jordania_Ficha pais: Relación de Declaraciones, Tratados y Acuerdos firmados" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 9. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  24. ^ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Israel, Syria, Arabia, The Middle East (General), Jordan and Arab Palestine and the Lebanon, January 1950-December 1950. University Publications of America. 2002. p. 301.
  25. ^ a b Robert L. Jarman (2001). Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947. Archive Editions. p. 601.
  26. ^ a b Robert L. Jarman (2001). Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947. Archive Editions. p. 601.
  27. ^ Pakistan Affairs Volumes 1-3. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  28. ^ "Ambassador says Jordan, Greece have much in common". The Jordan Times. 29 March 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  29. ^ "العلاقات الثنائية - اليونان / أثينا". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  30. ^ India News Volume 8, Issue 49. India. High Commissioner in the United Kingdom. Public Relations Dept. 1947. p. 17.
  31. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - الهندية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  32. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 71. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  33. ^ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950. University Publications of America. 1999. p. 31. ISBN 9781556557651. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  34. ^ Chronology of International Events - Volume 4. Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1948. p. 560.
  35. ^ The Middle East Volume 1. Europa Publications. 1948. p. 292. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  36. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Jordan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Celebrating 75th years of Jordan-Swiss diplomatic relations". The Jordan Times. 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  38. ^ Federico Vidic. "«L'Italia è come la Giordania paese mediterraneo»: lo stabilimento della Missione diplomatica italiana ad Amman". jstor.org (in Italian). Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  39. ^ Walter Lippmann, Whitney Hart Shepardson, William Oscar Scroggs (1950). The United States in World Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations. p. 545.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ "70 years of Indonesia – Jordan relations towards a genuine and solid partnership". The Jordan Times. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  41. ^ Verslag der handelingen der Staten-Generaal Part 2, Volume 1 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Staten-Generaal. Eerste Kamer. 1951. p. 21.
  42. ^ "Jordan". Republic of Serbia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  43. ^ "'A Night in Vienna' celebrates 70 years of Jordan-Austria diplomatic relations". The Jordan Times. 19 February 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  44. ^ "Austria, Jordan 'Have A Lot In Common', Says Ambassador". MENA FM. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  45. ^ "Jordanien: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  46. ^ "Jordan-Japan Bilateral Relations". The Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Tokyo,Japan. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  47. ^ "Canje de notas estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y el Reino Hachemita de Jordania". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados Argentina (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  48. ^ a b Memoria (in Spanish). Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1956. p. 442.
  49. ^ Politica internacional: Revista Venezolana de asuntos mundiales y politica exterior. Vol. 1–8 (in Spanish). Comisión Editora, Politica internacional. 1986.
  50. ^ "Politique étrangère du Maroc" (in French). p. 38. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  51. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - السودانية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  52. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - التونسية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  53. ^ Uddling, Hans; Paabo, Katrin, eds. (1992). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1993 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1993] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 998. ISBN 91-1-914072-X.
  54. ^ a b Udenrigsministeriets kalender (in Danish). Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet. 1962. p. 169.
  55. ^ "Criada uma Legação do Brasil na Jordânia, com sede na capital daquele país. DECRETO No 45.742 DE 6 DE ABRIL DE 1959". planalto.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  56. ^ "Brazil and Jordan: 60 years of diplomatic relations". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  57. ^ "Jordan". Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  58. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 337. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  59. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 158. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  60. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 158. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  61. ^ Mideast Mirror. 1961. p. 24.
  62. ^ "Today in Kuwait's History". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  63. ^ "Jordan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  64. ^ François Buy (1965). La République algérienne démocratique et populaire (in French). Diffusion: Librairie française. p. 176.
  65. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - القبرصية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  66. ^ "Russian-Jordanian Relations". Russian-Jordanian Business Council. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  67. ^ "Poland in Jordan". gov.pl. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  68. ^ Pavol Petruf. "Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992" (PDF) (in Slovak). p. 107. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  69. ^ "Jordan-Hungary Ties Set". The New York Times. 17 May 1974. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  70. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  71. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  72. ^ "Brief history". Embassy of Romania to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  73. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts - Issues 126-130. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965. p. 5.
  74. ^ "Bilateral Relations". mofa.gov.np. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  75. ^ "'Warm, brotherly' Jordan-Malaysia ties develop into diverse collaborations — ambassador". The Jordan Times. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  76. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - الماليزية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  77. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 502.
  78. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 546.
  79. ^ "ราชอาณาจักรฮัซไมต์จอร์แดน". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  80. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  81. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3118-3192. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1969. p. 4.
  82. ^ Les Élites africaines Volume 2 (in French). Édiafric. 1972. p. 180.
  83. ^ Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1970. p. 3277.
  84. ^ "Bilateral Relationship". The Embassy of the United Arab Emirates to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  85. ^ "Qatar: First Jordanian Ambassador Present Credentials to Emir.(1972)". British PATHE. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  86. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  87. ^ "Calendar of events in 1972". agda.ae. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  88. ^ Africa. Agence France Presse. 1972. p. 12.
  89. ^ "Reino Hachemita da Jordânia". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  90. ^ "Jordan, Bangladesh mark 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  91. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1973. p. 18.
  92. ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1973_8" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 24. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  93. ^ "Press Release issued by the office of the SPEAKER Speaker receives Jordanian Ambassador". gov.mt. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  94. ^ "Jordan cuts ties with North Korea". Ammon News. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  95. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  96. ^ Khmer News. 1973. pp. 17–18.
  97. ^ Hutton, Pierre (1996), "Chapter 2: Iraq, Syria and Jordan", The Legacy of Suez, Macquarie University, archived from the original on 18 November 2016
  98. ^ "Hoy celebramos el 47 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Jordania". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  99. ^ "Jordan, Mexico celebrate 48 years of diplomatic relations with plans to boost cooperation". The Jordan Times. 13 September 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  100. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый. Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Люксембург-Япония" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 310. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  101. ^ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan celebrate 47 years of formal diplomatic relations today, March 1!". DFA Philippines. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  102. ^ "Chinese embassy celebrates 45 years of Sino-Jordanian relations". The Jordan Times. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  103. ^ "Estados con los que Cuba mantiene relaciones diplomaticas" (PDF). Memoria Anual 2015 (in Spanish). p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  104. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Diplomatic relations between Jordan and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  105. ^ "List of countries which maintains diplomatic relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (as April 2010)". lamdong.gov.vn. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  106. ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  107. ^ "Ambassador of Mongolia to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Presents His Letter of Credence". Mongolian National News Agency. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  108. ^ "Relaciones Bilaterales con el Reino Hachemita de Jordania". cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  109. ^ "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  110. ^ Pakistan Horizon - Volume 37. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1984. p. 173.
  111. ^ "Jordan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  112. ^ The Andean Report Volume 11. Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times. 1985. p. 226.
  113. ^ Near East/South Asia Report. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 13 March 1987. p. 50. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  114. ^ Daily Report: Eastern Europe - Issues 95-103. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1987.
  115. ^ "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  116. ^ Jahrbuch Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika : bilanz und Chronik des Jahres 1988 (in German). Berlin : Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. 1989. p. 219.
  117. ^ "Jordan-Singapore Relations". The Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Singapore. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  118. ^ News Review on West Asia Volume 20. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1989. p. 57.
  119. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  120. ^ "Jordan & Nicaragua Establish Diplomatic Relations". University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository. 29 May 1991. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  121. ^ "Political issues". Embassy of Ukraine in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  122. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  123. ^ "Countries which has established Diplomatic Relations with Kazakhstan". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Kazakhstan. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  124. ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic (in Russian). Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  125. ^ "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  126. ^ "States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  127. ^ "States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.tm. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  128. ^ "Jordánsko: Základné informácie". mzv.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  129. ^ Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992. p. 10. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  130. ^ South Africa News Update. South African Consulate-General. 1993. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  131. ^ Mojca Pristavec Đogić (2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). p. 6. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  132. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  133. ^ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  134. ^ "Bilateral Relations between Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Georgia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  135. ^ "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  136. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  137. ^ "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  138. ^ "Israel-Jordan Relations: Overview of Peace Negotiations". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  139. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  140. ^ "Regatul Haşemit al Iordaniei". mfa.gov.md (in Romanian). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  141. ^ "Jordanian-Kenyan economic forum to be held on Sunday". ammonnews.net. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  142. ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - الكينية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  143. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  144. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  145. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia". Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Estonian). Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  146. ^ "Jordan, Congo agree to establish diplomatic relations, economic cooperation". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). 17 September 2002. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  147. ^ "Full diplomatic relations established between the Order of Malta and Jordan". 2 July 2003. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  148. ^ "King Receives Credentials of Ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 7 September 2003. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  149. ^ "Ten ambassadors present credentials to King". kingabdullah.jo. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  150. ^ "Fight against corruption a national priority — King". kingabdullah.jo. 11 December 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  151. ^ "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 13 March 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  152. ^ "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  153. ^ "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  154. ^ "New Ambassadors present credentials to King". kingabdullah.jo. 14 June 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  155. ^ "السفير-النظيف-يقدم-أوراق-اعتماده-في-موزمبيق". alrai.com (in Arabic). 10 August 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  156. ^ "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 3 December 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  157. ^ "King accepts credentials of foreign envoys". kingabdullah.jo. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  158. ^ "New ambassadors present credentials". kingabdullah.jo. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  159. ^ "King receives new ambassadors' credentials". kingabdullah.jo. 1 March 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  160. ^ "Cooperation : Le Chef de l'Etat a recu les lettres de creance de cinq nouveaux ambassadeurs accredites dans notre pays". www.gouv.ci (in French). 15 April 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  161. ^ "King accepts credentials of newly appointed ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  162. ^ "Ambassador Nkurunziza presents credentials to Jordanian King". newtimes.co.rw. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  163. ^ "Signing Joint Communiqué on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Kiribati". Mission of Jordan to UN. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  164. ^ "King accepts newly appointed ambassadors to Jordan". Roya News. 2 September 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  165. ^ "Saint Kitts and Nevis formalizes Diplomatic Relations with the Kingdom of Jordan". sknis.gov.kn. 10 December 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  166. ^ "Diplomatie : de nouveaux Ambassadeurs accrédités - Jordanie – Argentine – Bénin – Népal". gouv.mc (in French). 29 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  167. ^ "King accepts credentials of new ambassadors to Jordan". The Jordan Times. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  168. ^ "الأردن وجامايكا يوقعان بيانا مشتركا بشأن إقامة علاقات دبلوماسية بين البلدين". almamlakatv.com (in Arabic). 23 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  169. ^ a b "King accepts credentials of new ambassadors". 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  170. ^ "Jordan, Timor sign joint declaration to formalize cooperation, improve ties". 21 November 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  171. ^ Azaraimy, H. "Brunei, Jordan Ties To Reach New Level Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine," Brudirect.com News
  172. ^ "Ambassador Chen Chuandong's Interview with Jordan Times". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  173. ^ Yellinek, Roie; Mann, Yossi; Lebel, Udi (1 November 2020). "Chinese Soft-Power in the Arab world – China's Confucius Institutes as a central tool of influence". Comparative Strategy. 39 (6): 517–534. doi:10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843. ISSN 0149-5933. S2CID 226263146.
  174. ^ "Danmark i Jordan". Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  175. ^ "Honorary Consulates". Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  176. ^ "Senate Friendship Committee meets with French ambassador". Jordan Times. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  177. ^ "وكالة الانباء الاردنية". بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  178. ^ "France and Jordan". France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  179. ^ "Jordanian Diplomatic Missions Abroad". The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  180. ^ "La France en Jordanie - Ambassade de France à Amman". jo.ambafrance.org. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  181. ^ Amt, Auswärtiges. "Jordan and Germany: Bilateral relations". German Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  182. ^ "Deutsche Vertretungen in Jordanien". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  183. ^ "Vertretungen Jordaniens in Deutschland". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  184. ^ "Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in India". Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  185. ^ a b "MEA - MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  186. ^ "Jordan and Iraq: Between Cooperation and Crisis". usip.org. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  187. ^ "Israel and Jordan Establish Ties". The New York Times. 28 November 1994. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  188. ^ Schenker, David (2003). Dancing with Saddam (PDF). Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  189. ^ "Japan loans Jordan $100 million for electricity reforms". Reuters. 3 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  190. ^ Jordan recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Archived 2018-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-08
  191. ^ "Francuska protiv izjašnjavanja MSP" (in Serbian). RTS. 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  192. ^ "Embassy of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kuala Lumpur". Jordan Embassy. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  193. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Amman". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  194. ^ Embassy of Jordan in Mexico City
  195. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Amman
  196. ^ "Jordan, Pakistan Pledge Full-Scale Cooperation". Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  197. ^ Katie Hunt; Elizabeth Roberts; Victoria Brown (6 June 2017). "Qatar: We're 'willing to talk' to resolve diplomatic crisis". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  198. ^ "Embassy of Jordan in Washington, D.C." Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  199. ^ "Embassy of the United States in Amman (in Arabic and English)". Archived from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Jordan&oldid=1260361426"